So, why can closed-end funds be attractive for investors? Several reasons:
As a general rule, closed-end fund shares may sell for less than the total value of their underlying investment portfolio. This discount typically occurs after all the fund shares have been sold and the only available shares are for sale on the exchange. In fact, closed-end funds have sometimes traded at a significant discount from their net asset value (the value of the portfolio assets divided by the number of shares owned by investors). As a result, you can potentially make money not only from price changes in the fund's investments, but also from changes in demand for the share of the fund.Fund Managers Like Closed-End Funds Too
Many investors seek to produce quick gains by trading in and out of closed-end funds. To put it into perspective, suppose you want to buy a house and the market says that house is worth $100,000. If that house were an open-end fund, you would pay exactly $100,000 for that house - the price is fixed solely on the value, not on demand for the house or any other factors.
However, if that same house were a closed-end fund, and you found someone willing to sell that house for $80,000, you could buy a house that's worth $100,000 for a 20% discount. Then, if the market goes up and the house is now worth $110,000, you could potentially sell it and realize a $30,000 profit. Anyone who bought a similar house for $100,000 would only have a $10,000 profit. Of course, this example is hypothetical and is provided for comparison purposes only.
Some closed-end funds offer a managed distribution policy, or a promise to pay investors a fixed periodic payment (normally quarterly). Conversely, open-end funds only distribute gains once a year.
Both open and closed-end funds utilize fund managers - someone who opens and runs the fund. Whereas managers of open-end funds have to concern themselves with daily purchases and sales by investors, managers of closed-end funds don't have such worries. Additionally, they don't have to keep cash on hand for unexpected redemptions. That is, should a lot of people want to sell their shares, managers of closed-end funds don't have to liquidate assets in order to buy back the shares since the shares sell on the stock market and not back to the manager, or broker. The amount of shares investors buy or sell has no effect on the portfolio. And because closed-end funds don't have the same restrictions as open-end funds, closed-end managers can buy thinly traded and international companies that have the potential for higher long-term returns, although that comes with increased risk.
But Wait…High Growth Can Mean High Risk
Even though closed-end funds offer greater growth potential, they are not without some element of risk. In fact, the biggest risk can be what makes them attractive in the first place: the fund's discount. In essence, the same discount that lures people to buy can widen in a fallen market, even as the value of the underlying portfolio also tumbles. Many investors call this scenario "double trouble." Closed-end funds are also subject to brokerage fees and higher management fees and are less liquid than regular funds, which could make them much harder to sell.
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Even with the element of risk, closed-end mutual funds can be attractive for investors who are trying to get more growth out of their assets. Few other investments offer the leveraging opportunity that closed-end funds do, but they need to be studied carefully and not entered into lightly. You can obtain information about closed-end mutual funds from newspapers, financial magazines, websites and books.
Open Your Eyes to Closed-End Funds
Closed-end mutual fund accounts are relatively easy to establish. You can buy directly from the broker as a new issue, or you can go to the NYSE or other stock market exchanges and purchase them via that venue. Note that the listing for these funds will be in the stock section, not the mutual fund section.
For many people, closed-end mutual funds are a viable way to produce significant returns, although as with other investments, there is no guarantee they will be profitable. Be sure to talk to your financial advisor before you invest in a closed-end mutual fund to be sure it is the right choice for your unique needs.
